Latest article: Magnesium: A vital nutrient for children
Date
03 Feb 2025
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Magnesium is a critical biological element for health.1 It is the second most abundant electrolyte within the cells after potassium and the fourth most common mineral in the body after calcium, potassium and sodium.2
The physiological importance of magnesium is highlighted by its requirement as a cofactor for an estimated 600 enzymes and as an activator in over 200 enzymes.3 It is involved in numerous processes, including protein synthesis, blood glucose control, energy and DNA and RNA production, cell stabilisation, muscle relaxation, neurotransmission, neuromuscular conduction, hormone function and bone health.2-4 Magnesium is involved in nearly every major process within the cells, with in vitro studies showing inadequate levels can cause cell death.3,5,6
Magnesium is also required for intracellular homeostasis, the activation of vitamin B1, synthesis of glutathione, and the utilisation of other important nutrients such as calcium, potassium, zinc, iron and vitamin D.3,4,7-9
These are all important factors and requirements for growth, development and wellbeing of children.10 Unfortunately, magnesium deficiency is a common and widespread problem. If left untreated, it can lead to metabolic dysregulation and many physical and mental health concerns.2
Key highlights
- Magnesium is a critical macromineral, needed for many biological processes, and it is crucial for the growth and development of children.
- Whilst there is insufficient data in children, we know at least 42% of young adults may have primary magnesium deficiency.
- One of the main causes of magnesium deficiency in children is inadequate intake, e.g. "picky eaters" with sensory or tactile sensitivities.
- Signs and symptoms that show children need extra magnesium include worry, anxiety, irritability and hypermotionality as well as muscle tension, spasms and cramps.
- Conditions where children require magnesium supplementation include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), asthma, sleep disturbances, migraine headaches, viral infections and muscle cramps.